Since these diseases are so common, we should have the culture of undergoing constant check-ups.

Although we all know the danger of these diseases, there are still many people who die of complications from these conditions.

Heart disease is known as CVD and is the leading cause of death worldwide.

Most of these diseases can be prevented by taking action on risk factors, such as tobacco use, obesity, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, etc.

CVDs are, broadly speaking, disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels.

There are many types of CVD, but this time we will talk about the most common ones. We will start by mentioning what these heart diseases are:

• -Arrhythmia
• Coronary heart disease
• -Heart failure
• -Broken Heart Syndrome
• -Sudden cardiac arrest

Arrhythmia.

A person is said to have an arrhythmia when the pulse or heart rate has irregular activity. That is, the person may have tachycardia, which is when the heart beats too fast even at rest. You may also have bradycardia, which is when your heart beats very slowly or just feels like your heart is “skipping” a few beats.

Arrhythmias are caused by problems in the heart’s electrical conduction system, which may include the following: abnormal signals, signals may be blocked or delayed, or signals may go to other routes in the body.

Some of the most common causes of abnormal heartbeats are:

• -Having had a heart attack in the past
• Abnormal levels of potassium or other substances in the blood
• -Heart failure
• High pressure

Arrhythmias can also be caused by the use of certain substances or medications, such as alcohol, caffeine, blood pressure medications, tobacco, or medications given for depression.

An arrhythmia can be present all the time but the person will never feel symptoms, these will only be noticed if the person has an electrocardiogram, which is a study that tells us how our heart is working.

These are the symptoms of an arrhythmia:

• Dizziness and vertigo
• -Chest pain
• -Fainting
• -Cold sweating
• -Pallor
• -Palpitations

Because the person with arrhythmia will not always feel the symptoms, it is important that we check ourselves from time to time, especially if it is the heart, the organ in charge of pumping blood throughout our body.

Coronary artery disease or heart disease

Coronary heart disease occurs when the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart become narrowed. This disease is also called coronary artery disease.

This condition can be caused by too much plaque in the arteries leading to the heart. This is called arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). If a person tends to eat very fatty foods or foods with high levels of sugar, there is a high risk of accumulating this plaque. When this happens, blood flow to the heart may slow down or even stop.

As with arrhythmia, a person may have this condition but not know it. However, most often the symptoms are very noticeable. Chest discomfort or pain is usually the most common symptom. The pain may feel like someone is pressing on your chest or under your sternum (the long, flattened bone in the middle of your chest).

This pain occurs because the heart is not getting enough oxygen or blood. Another symptom can be shortness of breath and tiredness when doing activities.

There are several methods to know if a person has this coronary disease, some of them are the electrocardiogram, heart scans, stress tests, among others.

Heart failure

Failure occurs when the heart does not adequately pump the right amount of blood to the rest of the body. This condition can develop into congestive failure, which is when fluid builds up in parts of the body.

With this condition, you may have few or many symptoms. It is very common for a person who has had a heart attack to develop heart failure later in life. Symptoms may include:

-Lack of air and appetite

Swelling in the legs, feet, ankles, or abdomen.

Irregular or very fast heartbeat.

Coughing or wheezing

-Nausea

Rapid weight gain (1 to 2 pounds per day)

There are several reasons why someone may develop heart failure. The main ones are usually coronary artery disease, heart muscle problems, high blood pressure, arrhythmia, excess of toxic substances, diabetes and thyroid problems.

In addition to the causes mentioned above, the high intake of salt found in junk foods such as potato chips or pizza increases the level of potassium (salt) in our blood, which can cause artery disease to develop or the body to retain water. It is also important to keep your blood pressure under control, as high blood pressure causes your heart to work harder. In addition, it is advisable to do some kind of physical activity, not smoke, get enough sleep and try not to stress so much.

Broken Heart Syndrome

On many occasions we have heard the term “broken heart”, we usually hear it every time someone has a disappointment in love or when they receive very bad news. Broken heart syndrome is also known as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. The condition was first described in Japan in 1990, hence the origin of its name. It is a disease of the heart muscle that arises suddenly after a situation of intense physical or emotional stress.

This condition can occur even in healthy people who have never had heart problems. The injury may last from 7 to 30 days. However, it can also be severe enough to lead to death.

This disease is more common in the elderly and women over the age of 60. So far, it has not been possible to define the main cause of this condition, however, some experts say that some hormones, such as adrenaline, which is released in times of great stress, may be the main cause of this disease.

Here are some triggers: unexpected death of a loved one, very sad news, intense argument with someone, winning a big prize like money, surprise party, loss of job, severe asthma attack, among others.

The downside of this situation is that when the person is tested to determine the reason for the symptoms, they often appear as if they were symptoms of a heart attack. However, once the arteries are checked, there are no signs of blockage in the coronary arteries, which rules out infarction and suggests emotionally induced cardiomyopathy.

Atrial fibrillation

This is the most common type of arrhythmia and occurs when you have an abnormal heartbeat. The rhythm can be fast and irregular. Likewise, the heart cannot contract in a steady pattern. This causes the heart to not be able to pump enough blood throughout the body.

The most common causes may be:

• -Coronary artery disease
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• -Heart failure
• High pressure
• -Certain medications
• Thyroid problem

In many cases, the person is not aware that his or her heart is beating in an abnormal pattern. When symptoms occur, they may include the following:

• Palpitations (a pounding heartbeat)
• -Dizziness or dizziness
• -Fatigue
• -Difficulty breathing
• -Loss of exercise capacity