GLOSSARY

“A”

Chlorogenic acid

Compound present in higher plants. When a fruit, or a leaf is scratched, chlorogenic acid is the one that repairs those tears, or cuts. Generally, the amount of this acid present in plants is too small to have an effect on humans when ingested in the diet. However, chlorogenic acid is occasionally concentrated in higher proportions in some fruits and seeds and in these cases there may be an experience of physiological effects.

Folic acid

A B vitamin. Helps the body make new cells. Everyone needs folic acid. It is very important for women of childbearing age. Getting enough folic acid before and during pregnancy can prevent major birth defects of the baby’s brain and spine.

Amino Acids

Organic acids that are basic components of proteins and play a fundamental role in human metabolic functioning.

Branched Amino Acids

Branched-chain amino acids: leucine, isoleucine and valine. BCAAs are the most widely used supplements in the field of sports nutrition and bodybuilding due to their known positive effects on gaining muscle mass. These three types of amino acids make up almost a third of skeletal muscles, and are responsible for the synthesis of proteins by muscle fibres.

Anabolic

Set of metabolic processes of synthesis of complex molecules from other molecules that are characterized by being simpler. An anabolic substance promotes the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effects) in both men and women.

Anaerobic

Possibility of an organism to live without oxygen. Anaerobic respiration consists of the oxidoreduction of sugars among other compounds, without using oxygen.

Antioxidant

A molecule capable of preventing or delaying the oxidation (loss of one or more electrons) of other molecules, generally biological substrates such as lipids, proteins or nucleic acids.

“B”

Biotin

Fundamental vitamin that we must provide our body to metabolize fats, carbohydrates and amino acids. In turn, biotin, also known as Vitamin B8, B7 or Vitamin H, is responsible for transforming glucose into energy, maintaining healthy tissue cells such as skin, hair or nails, as well as the creation of hemoglobin.

“C”

Cardiovascular

The term cardiovascular refers to the heart (cardio) and blood vessels (vascular). The cardiovascular system comprises: arteries, arterioles, capillaries, heart and venules.

Stem Cells

A special type of undifferentiated cell that has the ability to divide indefinitely without losing its properties and to produce specialized cells.

Coenzyme Q10

A vitamin-like substance found throughout the body, especially in the heart, liver, kidneys, and pancreas. It is also known as Co-Enzyme, Co-Q 10 or Ubiquinone-10.

Hydrolyzed Collagen

Very important protein for our body, which forms the connective tissue. It mainly provides the elasticity of our skin, preventing wrinkles and sagging.

Colloidal

A mixture that is between homogeneous and heterogeneous. Its particles are not visible to the naked eye, do not settle at rest and cannot be separated by filtration.

Healing crisis

Cleansing process that manifests itself in the organism in different ways. Symptoms often vary from person to person.
Usually the purpose of this process is to cleanse the body, dislodge toxins and kill bacteria. When this happens, the body begins to eliminate substances through the bloodstream in order to filter and eliminate them.

“D”

Detox

Elimination of toxic substances. Treatment aimed at eliminating the effects of chronic alcohol or drug intoxication and, if possible, eliminating the habit of consumption.

DHEA

A natural steroid that is produced by the adrenal gland. It is the most common steroid in human blood. However, the amounts decrease rapidly with age. The amounts are the highest during the first 20 years and start to decrease around the age of 25.

Dissociation of molecules

A generalized process in which complex compounds, salts or other molecules are separated into smaller molecules, either ions or radicals, usually in a reversible manner.

Dystrophy

A group of inherited disorders that cause muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue, which worsen over time.

“E”

Endotoxins

Components found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria (GNB) microorganisms widely distributed in the environment and in the gut of warm-blooded animals. Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS), large and complex molecules containing lipids and carbohydrates, which vary between different BGNs.

“F”

Fibrosis

Excessive development of fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue as a result of a reparative or reactive process, as opposed to the formation of fibrous tissue as a normal constituent of an organ or tissue. Fibrosis is caused by a chronic inflammatory process, which triggers an increase in the production and deposition of extracellular matrix.

“G”

Glutamine

Glutamine is an amino acid found in the proteins of all life forms. It is a very versatile substance involved in many biochemical reactions. It is considered an immunonutrient and used as a nutritional supplement in cases of trauma, cancer, infections and burns.

“H”

Nascent hydrogen

A single hydrogen atom, which is not found next to another atom as in normal hydrogen molecules. The nascent hydrogen can reduce elements and compounds that do not react with “normal” hydrogen.

Hydrolysis

Destruction, decomposition or alteration of a chemical substance by water. In the study of aqueous solutions of electrolytes, the term hydrolysis is applied especially to the reactions of cations (positive ions) with water to produce a weak base, or to the reactions of anions (negative ions) to produce a weak acid.

“I”

Glycemic Index

It measures the extent to which carbohydrate-containing foods raise blood glucose.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Body mass index (BMI) is a number that is calculated based on a person’s weight and height. BMI is a fairly reliable indicator of fatness for most people. BMI does not measure body fat directly, but research has shown that it correlates with direct measurements of body fat, such as underwater weighing and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).1, 2
BMI can be considered an alternative for direct measurements of body fat. In addition, it is an inexpensive and easy to perform method to detect weight categories that can lead to health problems.

Isoflavones

They are a class of flavonoids found in legumes and only a few non-legumes. They are involved in plant defense mechanisms against herbivory, and also function as chemical signals in nitrogen fixation. The health effects of these are as follows:
Decreased risk of cancer
Improved bone condition
Relieves menopausal symptoms
Lowers cholesterol

“J”

No record found

“K”

No record found

“L”

L-carnitine

A compound of amino acids that is produced by lysine and methionine and can act as a very powerful fat burner, as it is responsible for the transport of fatty acids into the cells to be used as energy in the body. Carnitine is a substance that helps the body convert fat into energy and acts as an antioxidant. Antioxidants fight harmful particles in the body, known as free radicals, which damage cells and alter DNA.

“M”

Malto dextrin

Polysaccharide made from starch (corn or wheat) which is subjected to acidification and enzymatic processes, thanks to which a macromolecule is obtained with a specific number of glucose molecules, lower than the natural ones. It is intended to be a sugar substitute.

“N”

No record found

“O”

Trace elements

Chemical components that are essential for many processes in the human body, but in concentrations of less than 100 milligrams per day.

Cellular oxygenation

The process by which all the cells of a living being are properly oxygenated.

“P”

Pathogens

Organisms, including viruses, bacteria or cysts, capable of causing disease (typhoid, cholera, dysentery) in a recipient (e.g. a person). There are several types of organisms that do NOT cause disease. These are called non-pathogenic.

Ph

A unit of measurement used to establish the level of acidity or alkalinity of a substance. When it is obtained through a pH measurement that a product, substance or element is acidic, it means that it has a high or low amount of hydrogen ions, therefore, the pH is the indicator of the hydrogen potential.

“Q”

No record found

“R”

Free radicals

Atoms or groups of atoms that, in their composition, have an unpaired electron that is capable of pairing, making them highly reactive and unstable. These are released when food is metabolized to produce energy in the cells, but they can also come from the environment, for example, when exposed to pollutants or radiation such as ultraviolet rays from the sun, car exhausts, air pollution and cigarette smoke, etc.

Resveratrol

Antioxidant that promotes longevity of people. It defends our organism from free radicals, slowing down aging. This component protects brain cells and helps the process of oxygenation and energy activation of the mitochondria, preventing to some extent the loss of neurons over the years and in critical situations such as stroke events or cerebrovascular accidents.

“S”

No record found

“T”

Taurine

A non-essential amino acid that our body is able to synthesize by itself, so it is present in our body when produced through two amino acids: cysteine and methionine.

Toxin

A poison produced by a bacterium, plant, or animal. Toxins, therefore, are substances whose origin is organic. These proteins or molecules can cause different types of physical damage to the body.

“U”

No record found

“V”

No record found

“W”

No record found

“X”

No record found

“Y”

No record found

“Z”

No record found